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P90 Parts Kit for Epiphone® Casino®
Pickup kit for an Epiphone Casino
 
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Humbucker Base Options:


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Pickup Position:


Style*:


Standard Colours:


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Pole Spacing*:


Base Material:


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Description Technical Specs
 

Main Description

This is a parts kit to make a pickup for the Epiphone® Casino® - which is essentially, a P90, but there are a few weird quirks about the guitar and pickup that are really worth bearing in mind before you dive into them.

So, to get it out of the way – this kit contains the following parts.

1 x ABS Bobbin.

1 x Metal Base (either Brass or German Silver)

1 x Metal Cover (German Silver)

1 x Pole Screw Keeper Bar

6 x Pole Screws (M3)

4 x “Bobbin” Mounting Screws (3mm, used for fixing the bobbin to the base AND for attaching the pickup to the guitar)

2 x Bar Magnets (Various sizes available)

All fairly straight forward really – it’s a P90! However, the Casino® is a bit strange – whilst P90s are a “standard” size and shape, this “version” of them, actually come in specific Neck and Bridge models – the bridge is fairly close to a normal Dog Ear P90 in most regards, but the Neck is actually very odd – it’s a much shallower cover, and the base is built to “lower” the guts of the pickup into the body for the guitar.

So, with that in mind – make sure your speccing up the right position before pulling the trigger. Unlike most other P90s, Casino Necks are JUST for Casino Necks, and bridges are just for bridges, they’re not interchangeable.

Its worth noting too, that these are stranger still, because, traditionally, The Casino® has a 47.5mm spaced neck pickup – this is much narrower than normal, and whilst we do carry all the parts to make a 50mm version, the smaller spacing would be the norm.

And, as a final kick in the teeth – when I say these are “Pickup kits for the Epiphone® Casino®” I really mean it – the Casino® has an arched top (similar to a Les Paul) and the pickup covers are actually curved along the base to accommodate that, where a “normal” Dog Ear P90 is designed to fit to a flat topped guitar, so, if you’ve got any ideas about installing these onto a flat topped guitar to give it a bit of a face lift? Forget about it.

Further to that too, The Casino, and its grand dad, the Gibson® ES330® (where this idea came from) aren’t all made equal – theres no guarantees that the current “curve” of the covers matches up with older guitars (and, bafflingly, even some of the offshoots, like the Epiphone® Wildkat® and Casino® Coupe, whilst they definitely used the same covers as we fit here, they didn’t match the curve of the bodies all that well! So treat carefully when working with anything that’s not a current bog standard Casino®!)

And I think that about covers it! A pickup that’s very much on the niche end of things, but a pickup and a guitar that’s worth a little bit of love in terms of electrical upgrades, and this kits the way to design and build your own pickups.

Covers and Base Material

**This write up is originally from the Humbucker section, but it is applicable to P90s too, so i've copied it wholesale here. Just be aware, that whilst everything is true - your options are limited with P90s. (no different hole plans or pole options)**

I think I’ve covered pole spacing pretty well under the “pole spacing” header, so, whilst bases and covers are impacted by that aspect of humbucker “design”, I’ll gloss over it in this section and concentrate a little more on the impact covers and bases actually have on the signal being produced by the coils.

Its one of those weird things with humbuckers, I wont say its overlooked as such, but its certainly not widely embraced as you’d think.

So, with humbuckers – you’ve usually got 2 options of material when it comes to covers and base plates, either Brass or German Silver (sometimes called Nickel Silver, or just Nickel) and its commonly believed that “brass is ‘bad’ because it sucks out top end” and “German Silver is ‘good’ because it doesn’t effect the tone” – and, broadly speaking, that’s actually correct! But, as with most things, its not as clear cut as we’d like as engineers, so, I’m going to try to drag this topic well and truly into the light!

Ace of Base
So lets start at the bottom, and deal with “base plate material” – Brass vs. Nickel!

Swap Graphs?

Base #1 (Purple)

Base #2 (Blue)

We can see from the above, that, really? There isn’t a great deal of difference between the two options (I’ve included “no base” too, for completeness’ sake). If anything, a brass base plate, compared to German Silver, isn’t actually sucking out any top end, its sucking out a little of everything up to the resonant peak, but past that, its comparable to German silver – so we’d perceive that, not as “sucking out top end”, in fact, the complete opposite, we’d hear that as the pickup gaining a little definition, and likely, being a shade brighter! However, it’s a fairly small change in that regard, its certainly not as drastic as we’d be lead to believe in the old “Brass bad/Nickel good” argument.


And, we can see that both German Silver and Brass, and both having an effect on the signal compared to the “no base” version of the pickup (and this is telling, because the same happens on a Telecaster® bridge pickup, or a P90) – without a base, we’re actually retaining a little more of the signal above the resonant peak. Its an unrealistic dream to say “humbuckers without bases sound better”, simply because the mounting system for the pickups is pretty reliant on a metal base, but we can certainly see that the base material, whilst only a minimal change, is always losing “something”. They’re always going to cause a loss of something.

Real world, we’re probably going to “hear” a German silver base as being a little warmer, a little smoother, a little more forgiving (evident in the wider peak) and we’re going to “hear” a brass base as being a little brighter, a little more cutting, a little crisper.

So, with that in mind, it does beg the question – is brass as bad as we’ve all been led to believe?

Well? Probably not, at least from a tonal point of view – we’re not seeing any enormous impact on the signal, we’ve not seeing a huge change to the shape of the plot, frankly, Brass vs. German silver bases is little more then an extra option for “seasoning”, and I suppose, that’s to be expected, the base is on the bottom, it’s a long way away from the strings, and with all of this stuff, the bigger impacts are caused by things that sit between the coils and strings, not beneath!

However, there are one huge point of note here.
Soldering to Brass!
Brass is an absolute pig to solder to! Its far more conductive than German Silver, so it wicks the heat away from the point you want to solder to, making it difficult to make a good, solid joint. This isn’t a massive issue when the only solder joint you need to make to the base is the ground wire for the hookup, but it can be a real pain if you’re fitting a cover, where you’re making a couple of small spot weld to hold the thing in place. German Silver, by comparison, is a poor(er) conductor, it doesn’t wick the heat as effectively, so soldering to it is much easier.

Frankly, when the humbucker was invented, chances are, German silver wasn’t chosen as the preferred material because it had some wonderful, musically adjacent alloy that left the humbucker sounding closer to the “ideal” – it was probably chosen because it was easier to solder to. It costs more to produce then brass, but, frankly, its quicker to work with, introduces less risk during pickup assembly (better to make your spot welds with a solder iron then with a small gas torch!) meaning less tools required, meaning less training, and less fire risk! (a weirdly big deal in guitar manufacturing!)

Bases – a conclusion
If you’re building an uncovered humbucker, and your happy soldering the ground connection onto the base, brass is as good as German silver! Its slightly cheaper, and it’s brightening the pickup ever so slightly. It’s probably so small a change that its below our comprehension, but at least you know now, what’s happening. You can lean into it if you want to, or don’t. Just be aware, brass isn’t bad! (And that’s likely going to be the last time I type that, because things are about to get interesting!)

Covers
I know this is purely a personal taste thing, but I don’t think they’ve ever invented anything that looks as good as a covered humbucker in a Gibson® (and I’m a Fender® man!) so I certainly won’t be using this section of the write up as a stick to beat anyone who feels the same way! Covered humbuckers are beautiful! However, they’re one of those things where, the “truth” about their impact on pickups has become lost along the way, so, just like bases, let’s see if I can bring a bit of perspective to the whole thing.

So, just like base plates, you’re dealing with 2 different materials when it comes to covers – either Brass or German silver again (the “no cover” option is at least viable here though, where with the base plate, its more of a hypothetical, and, technically speaking, Stainless steel covers did exist, but it was short lived, and I don’t believe it ever went past the prototype stage of the initial humbuckers!)

And, we’re back to the old trope! “Brass sucks out top end, German silver doesn’t affect the sound” – so lets get straight into the graphs.

Swap Graphs?

Base #1 (Purple)

Cover #1 (Purple)

Base #2 (Blue)

Cover #1 (Blue)


Now, that graphs actually REALLY unfair, but, real world? Its true I’m afraid. If I go grab you a Classic 50s, slap a Chrome plated German Silver cover on it, that’s what’s going to happen to your signal. I think we’d all agree, that that is definitely “an affected sound” right?

Now, before we get into what’s going on with German Silver, lets agree too, that brass is doing EXACTLY what we thought it would do too. Its sucking out a huge amount of voltage from the resonant peak, and its making the pickup sound very woolly. We’d definitely perceive that as “top end has been sucked out”.

So, the weird thing here, is that German silver is actually sucking out a lot of top end too! Not as much as brass, but its still having a big impact! Now, the reason as to why, is quite interesting.

To explain this well, is going to get pretty boring, but, considering your entertaining the idea of winding a humbucker, presumably for fun, this might be right up your street, and its worth knowing, so bare with.

The ”problem” with humbucker covers, isn’t actually to do with their material per se. Its more to do with the conductivity of the things, and, as I said earlier – when something is placed between the coils and the string? That’s when we see a big impact.

So the above graph, is a Chrome plates cover in both instances right? The thing with electroplating, is that, primarily, it’s a cosmetic thing, its got to look great hasn’t it? And the way you get an absolutely immaculate finish on your electroplating, is to first, plate the part in copper.

That gives the plating material (be it Chrome or Nickel or Ruthenium or Gold) a better “bed” to adhere, so its less likely to show the “grain” of the Brass/German silver, and its less likely to fail in the short to medium term. Copper “underplating” is most definitely “the norm” when it comes to humbucker covers (and most electroplating) because it gives the best possible finish.

However – copper, is also, VERY conductive! (Way more than brass or German Silver!) so what we’re actually seeing with the above graph, whilst real world (you buy a chrome cover? Its got a copper underplating!) – its not really a true reflection of Brass vs. German Silver – its Brass + Copper + Chrome vs. German Silver + Copper + Chrome!

THIS, is a true representation of Brass vs. German Silver (vs. Brass + Copper+ Plating vs. German Silver+ Copper + Plating vs. Nothing)! A pickup fitted with a completely unplated covers! Just the bare alloy! (its actually a Telecaster® neck pickup, simply because we don’t carry humbucker covers in raw brass – no ones ever asked for them to date!)

White - Uncovered - [email protected]

Red - German Silver w/No Copper Unplate - [email protected]

Pink - German Silver w/ Copper Underplate - 16.4dBv @ 7.37kHz

Blue - Brass w/No Copper Underplate - [email protected]

Green - Brass w/Copper Underplate - 9.8dBv @ 7.81kHz

And we see something very interesting! Raw German Silver actually isn’t as bad as we think, is it? We’re still losing a fair bit of voltage at the peak, but no where near as much as we are with a copper underplate.

And we can see that in a slightly more “real” test with a humbucker, comparing a copper Chrome plated/coppered German Silver cover to a Chrome plated cover WITHOUT a copper under plate!

Blue - Uncovered - [email protected]

Green - German Silver w/No Copper Unplate - [email protected]

Purple - German Silver w/ Copper Underplate - 18.7dBv @ 7.21kHz


So that does give some credibility to the “brass bad/German Silver good” argument. I still can’t sit here and say “German Silver doesn’t affect the pickup”, but we can say that, if German silver covers aren’t plated/aren’t copper underplated, they have the least effect, the copper underplate has an impact, and brass is having a huge impact. Covers affect pickups. Its as simple as that. If you’ve got a humbucker you adore that’s currently uncovered? Chances are fitting a cover, regardless of material, is going to change it considerably.

Now, to round this out before we get into the next part, it may seem that I’ve not covered all the angles here. I promise you; I have! I’ve just had to trim this down so it doesn’t turn into a dissertation – so, quick and dirty? “What I’ve missed”
Cover material behaves the same regardless of base material.
The characteristic changes from having either brass or German Silver as the base remains after the cover has been fitted, but the affect of the cover is unchanged (so a brass base plate will still suck out a little of the signals voltage before the resonant peak AND a Nickel cover will still do its thing – so, moving forward from here, we’ll just be focusing on German silver bases and covers, just to keep it stream lined)

If this is all an expression of conductivity between coil and string, does the “colour” matter?
It does! But only one with gold! And, the higher the grade of gold, the more it matters! To keep it brief (as brief as it can be and still contain a graph) – gold is more conductive, so gold plated covers have a greater impact on the pickup then Chrome/Nickel/black/etc (which, seemingly, don’t cause any more or less effect – even to the point of a Chrome plated/no copper cover behaving the same as an unplated cover!)

Gold, however, does, arguably, sound worse!

Blue - Uncovered - [email protected]

Purple - German Silver w/ Copper Underplate & Chrome Colour- 18.7dBv @ 7.21kHz

Green - German Silver w/ Copper Unplate & Gold Colour- [email protected]


So covers are bad?!
Now this ones a very loaded question, and I don’t really have an answer for you to be honest. Electrically? If I was sitting here trying to sell you a Hifi, I’d definitely say that any, essentially, cosmetic component that altered the signal to as big an extent as a humbucker cover does, is a very bad thing indeed, however, guitars/pickups aren’t hifi!

As holistic an approach as this might be, as much as this might sound like “feel good mumbo jumbo” – pickups, really, are more a case of “we like what we know” – and considering most of us will have heard humbuckers with covers (and I’d go further then that, most of us have liked humbuckers with covers, we’ve liked humbuckers with copper under plate, we’ve liked humbuckers without copper, we’ve liked humbuckers without covers and we’ve liked humbuckers with brass covers! We’ve liked humbuckers with gold covers!... you get the idea) – its just a case of horses for courses.

As a very rough rule of thumb – covers are going to make the pickup feel more rounded, softer, and less defined. (and the more conductive, the greater that effect) – its not good or bad. Its just what it is. You might absolutely love the tone of a brass cover, you might hate it. It all depends on your frame of reference I’m afraid.

Is this true for all specs of pickup?
I’ve got partial graphs for this which prove the point, but I’ll spare you those. In short, yes – it doesn’t matter if it’s a humbucker wound with 42 AWG plain enamel or 44 AWG Polysol, it doesn’t matter if its 12 screw Alnico 5 or 12 slug ceramic, it doesn’t matter if the pickup cost £300 or it cost £3, it doesn’t matter if it’s a Telecaster® Neck or a P90 or a Strat® single coil you’ve buried under a humbucker cover -the cover is always having the same general affect. Sometimes it works in the pickups favour (Historically accurate humbuckers do sound better with covers!) sometimes it works against the pickup.

And I think that about covers cover and base material, in very broad strokes, but there is, I’m afraid, one more aspect to this. So, lets get it over with!

Cover style

With cover material and plating options seen to, I think its probably worth while taking a look at cover “style” too. However, from our point of view, and within the scope of this kit, its not really “true”.

We offer this kit with a cover specific to the pole choices (so traditional is 6 screw poles, 6 slug, it takes a traditional cover with 6 holes, a 12 screw kit comes with a 12 hole cover, a 12 slug kit comes with a cover with no holes, you get the idea) and whilst I’m going to prove that cover style DOES effect the tone of a pickup, and its worth considering, you’ve got to remember that the pole choice on your pickup has its own effect separate to a cover.

This is because we are increasing/decreasing the amount of ferrous material within the coils. A screw pole is 3mm diameter (roughly) a slug pole is 4.75mm – a slug contains more iron then a screw – and this will increase the inductance of a pickup, which will cause the resonant peak frequency to be lower. As a quick rule of thumb, a 12 slug humbucker will be darker then a traditional and a 12 screw humbucker will be brighter – quite considerably too.

It’s a little beyond the scope of “covers and bases”, so I’ll go into greater detail in a separate section, but for the time being, know that your pole choice is having an impact AND your cover choice is having an impact.

So, for clarities sake, I’ve done these tests using a traditional humbucker, with a German Silver base – 6 screw poles, 6 slug poles, regardless of cover style, and all covers are chrome plated over copper over German Silver (again, its not the “tonal ideal” but it’s the most common composition you’ll find in the real world)

The common believe is this. “the more/bigger the holes in the cover, the ‘better’ the pickup is going to sound” – so, in theory, a 12 hole cover is going to sound better then a 6 hole cover is going to sound better then a no hole cover. And that makes sense considering what we’ve seen above, and, really, this is just an exercise in “sticking conductive material between coil and string” right?

<Insert Graph for Cover Style>

As we can see from the bode plots, on the whole, there isn’t really a great deal of difference between the 6 hole, 12 hole and “half open” covers. There are minor differences between them, but, they’re so small that you’re never going to taste those in the real world. If anything, I’m actually quite surprised that the half open cover has as much impact on the signal as the more traditional covers, simply because one coil is, essentially, open, but you can’t argue with the results, so, there we have it*.

Where we do see a difference, is with the “open” cover and the “closed” cover. The closed cover is having the greatest impact on the signal, and the open cover is having the least, but, equally, the open cover barely looks like a cover at all, so maybe that’s to be expected.

And that about covers it! (pun intended) – covers are best thought about in broad strokes, anything “with holes”, regardless of how big they may be, is going to behave the same as any other cover “with holes” (assuming all other variables stay the same), as soon as you take away the holes, you get more of an impact, and as soon as you make one massive hole, you get less of an impact (but less of a cover!) – the “myth” isn’t quite right, but equally, its not exactly wrong either.

*the “Half cover” is interesting – when testing, we’re exciting the coils through inductance coupling, with the drive coil directly over the middle of both coils. We, obviously, keep this positioning the same from one cover/base/pickup to the next. There is the potential that the half open cover will behave differently then a traditional cover, but our test isn’t accounting for that. I wouldn’t want to throw the baby out with the bathwater and say outright “half open cover makes no difference” – but, equally, if it is, and its not translating into our test? Maybe its not a big enough difference to really worry about.

**For completeness’ sake too – there are options I’ve not shown on the graph, but we have tested. The 11 Gate, H gate, Black top, the “other” H gate, the “tall” and the “3x3” covers – they all behave exactly the same as the traditional/12 hole/half open plots, so, rather then confusing the graph more then we have to, we’ve omitted them from the final results.

***All “rules” for all other variables still ring true, regardless of the cover style – so a gold open cover has a greater impact then an unplated one, a brass closed cover has more of an impact then a German silver one. Again, I’ve omitted these results for simplicities sake.

Now, all this brings me to the elephant in the room.

Covered humbuckers aren’t the same as uncovered humbuckers
Sadly so I’m afraid – the cover on a pickup is having such a big impact on the signal produced by the pickup that, really? If I was more of a purist, I’d argue that the pickup has become “a different pickup” – in the same way if I produced an uncovered humbucker with a resonant peak of 20dBv@5kHz, and then made another with a peak of 15dBv@5kHz... I’d be giving them different names, and pitching them at different roles within music.

We don’t do that with humbuckers though – we really over simplify the whole cover thing. As players, have a vague idea that something different is happening, but, really? Fitting a cover, or comparing 2 identical pickups, one covered, one not, is as drastic a change as using a completely different design of coil. The numbers may look the same, but the sound will be totally different.

However, whilst its tempting to say “they’re different pickups”, eventually (and this will happen a lot if your winding pickups!) you’ve just got to bow down to common sense. Covers are, primarily a cosmetic consideration, if someone wants your pickup, with a cover, by all means, explain the effect of a cover, but, you’ll never talk someone out of a shiny silver humbucker for their Les Paul®… trust me! I’ve tried.

Magnets

**This write up is originally from the Humbucker section, but it is applicable to P90s too, so i've copied it wholesale here. Just be aware, that whilst everything is true of P90s, i'm using graphs and speaking about humbuckers**

Now, we’ve been putting a lot of work into magnet testing over the years, and, honestly? There’s a lot of fuss made about Alnico grade, the supposed inferiority of ceramic magnets, the merits of orientated vs. unorientated, the benefits of sand cast vs. rough. Vs polished… so, we figured we’d be as open and honest about it as we can be – so, here goes!

Lets start with the bode plot - pretty easy to get your head around - the line shows how "strong" a signal the pickup is generting at a certain frequency - so the higher the line, the stronger that frequency. (so a higher line in the low frequencies means a bassier pickup, a pickup with a higher line in the treble means brighter - a wider "peak" (where the pickup is busiest) means a smoother pickup, a sharper "peak" means a more defined pickup. Simple as that.

So lets get into it - have a play! Compare your magnets!

Swap Graphs?

Humbucker "Type"

Magnet #1 (Purple)

Magnet #2 (Blue)

Tonally, and specifically, I’m speaking about “how the guitar sounds” – honestly? Magnets don’t actually do a great deal believe it or not – when presented with the “full spectrum” of a guitars signal, the minor variations that are evident when comparing one magnet to the next, are just too subtle to for our ears to be able to pick out. If you listen to a recording of an Alnico 3 and compare it to the same piece on an Alnico 8, you’ll struggle to be able to hear any difference what so ever.
However - there actually are tonal difference! It’s just that, in terms of “what we hear” – they’re a little buried under all the information we’re being bombarded with when we listen to audio.

As a general rule of thumb, the weaker the magnet, the more “bass” its producing – and that’s about it – which gives some real credibility to the old wives tale of “weaker magnets sound warmer” – BUT – a magnet is only one variable within the construction of a humbuckers.

I can definitely say that its true for a vintage humbuckers (tested here with an 8.2K Bourbon City, 42 AWG coils, 12 screw coils) – however – when we take the same test, and apply it to a “high output” humbuckers (in this case a 16K Ethereal, 12 screw, 44 AWG coils) – we see that all of the magnets behave pretty much identically with the exception of Alnico 8 and Ceramic (which are often described as “scooping mids”… and that’s actually what they’re doing – they show a volume drop below the resonant peak, but retain the same volume above it!... so again, some truth to the myth!)

So, electrically -we definitely CAN see that the magnets are changing the signal of the pickup – but we’ve got to take this with a pinch of salt, because the coils are actually changing how the magnets are behaving – and that leave us in a strange position where the “hard and fast rules” quickly fall down dependant on a second (or third!) variable! (Which honestly, gets a little beyond the scope of this article) – But remember – when you’re listening to a pickup as a recording, you really won’t be able to tell the difference. I can’t stress that enough! The differences are there, but our ears aren’t good enough to isolate them. It’s that simple.

It’s all in the feel!

HOWEVER – as guitarists, we’re not really interested in how the guitar sounds “on record” (that’s for the studio engineer right?!) – We care about it as a “live thing”, which we respond to, and feel, and generally treat as a very unscientific thing right? (Dare I say, a musical instrument?!) And that’s where things get interesting.

Whilst we might not be able to actually hear a difference between one magnet and the next in retrospect, we certainly can feel it when playing! In the moment, as pick hits string and the amp roars into life, the differences are much more noticeable! And what the graphs show, actually comes through more in the “feel” of a pickup then it does in the recordings. (So, that Alnico 3 Bourbon City felt “muddy”, and that Alnico 8 Ethereal did feel very defined and cutting) I honestly, can’t say I know why, but in blind tests, we were able to highlight differences between magnets – we had combinations we liked, and we had combinations we didn’t.

This brings us to the crux of the matter really – magnets within a humbuckers have very little to do with “tone”, but they really do define the “feel” of the pickup – and, sadly, there’s no right or wrong answers at that point, because we’re speaking about perception – and that’s going to differ for every single person, with every single humbuckers.

Me, for example – I heard the following in the blind tests with the Bourbon City. (Please, excuse the romantic language – these are exactly how the notes were written)
Alnico 3 – Very glassy in the highs, very bloomy in the lows, quite mushy and unpleasant.
Alnico 2 – Huge amount of top end “ping”, bass neat and tidy, plenty of “spank”, a little weird but not unpleasant! (Slightly damning considering the Bourbon comes with an A2 as standard!)
Alnico 4 – Toppy, really soft and forgiving in the bass, mids are rich and interesting. Nice sound.
Alnico 5 – Strong bass, but quite neat and tidy, not an awful lot of mids, and quite chimy. A lot of rattle and definition.
Alnico 6 – tight in the bass, quite crunchy, not overly hot. Nice note separation.

Ceramic – more compressed, better balances, distance between tops and bass is pleasing, slightly lacking in top. Bass very well behaved. Raunchy and fun!

You get the idea – I had “opinions” when playing! Unscientific they may be, but it’s what I “felt” and what is telling, is that my opinions? The “feel” I got from each magnet? They don’t really correspond with the signal we know the pickup is producing!

Alnico 3 does, that increase in bass is definitely coming through as mud and the ceramics certainly show that decrease in bass… but I’m “feeling” things in the pickup that just aren’t in the graphs right?

Well… no – what I’m feeling, comes down to perception – and this is where things start to become a little bit confusing, but basically, we don’t need to hear a change in a specific frequency to actually perceive a change in that frequency. (So, a pickup can feel bassier if the high frequencies are reduced – the bass doesn’t change, but our ears “shift” to become more focused) – And seemingly, even minor shifts in certain frequencies can completely colour our perception of frequencies that haven’t even changed.

Conclusion? Sort of?!

At this point, me sitting here and saying “Alnico 2 does thing, and Alnico 3 does that!” is nonsense, because I’m describing “how it made me feel” more than “how it actually sounded”, and how you feel with a particular magnet (or combination of Magnet and Coil!) will be completely different.

But if theres anything to take away from this, it’s the following “rules”
1.Go into Humbucker magnets knowing that your unlikely to be able to “hear” a difference between any of them, but you’ll definitely be able to feel it!

2. “Vintage” humbuckers (anything wound with 42 AWG) is going to show bigger difference then “high output” winds (43 and 44 AWG)

3. No one is going to agree on how a specific magnet sounds – if a minor change in frequency resulting from a magnet change can alter our perception, then a big change in frequency from a coil change is going to alter it too, and you’ve got to take that into account. Combined with the fact that we’re dealing in perception? In opinion and taste? You’ve got more hope in settling the Gibson® vs. Fender® argument!

4. Whilst there are no “hard and fast” rules – treating some of the old wives tales with a bit of credibility, won’t see you go far wrong. Hotter pickups generally want to be more defined, so benefit from strong magnets, more traditional offerings generally benefit from a little added warmth, so weaker Alnico s are a safe bet – but please, go in knowing that its very much a matter of personal taste.

Colours Explained

I think this is a little bit redundant to be honest, because the site has the "smart swatch" system, which shows you how everything looks once you've assembled it, and whilst its a bit "too perfect", it is pretty accurate to what your going to get. However, i will concede that sometimes, real pictures of real things, can be helpful, so, heres another photo dump, detailing as many of the colours as i can.

Be aware, that i'm just using the photos from the humbuckers here, but its still applicable to metal P90 covers.

Covers
Now, i've detailed what covers do, what how they affect the sound of your pickup, and if you can live with that, its probably worth knowing what the things actually look like.

Nickel Humbucker

Nickel Cover

Nickel (importantly, WITH the copper underplate), is, essentially, a mirror finish - a slightly yellow/white tint to the "silver".

Chrome Covered Traditional Humbucker

Chrome Cover

Similar to Nickel plating, but with a sligtly blue "tint" to the silver. Harder wearing then any other colour believe it or not, with better resistance to scratching and less reactive to sweat.

Unplated Cover on a Humbucker

Raw/Unplated

These are just the unfinished covers, no copper under plate, no electroplate, no polishing, as pure as they come! Just a shaped hunk of German silver, completely with tool marks from manufacture and scuffs from being handled and stored prior to us getting them. A nice little part to use as a "ready made" relic, but they can be polished up with a metal polish to a mirror shine. Without an electroplating, they age very quickly, so aftera year or two of serious playing, expect to see that zebra stripe pattern where you've hit the cover with your pick, but never under the strings.

Gold Humbucker

Gold Cover

It is what it is really. A fairly low karat gold is usually the case when it comes to plating (at least outside of jewellery) interestingly, the variation between different parts in gold comes down to the karat of gold used in the plating, the darker, more orange gold colours come from higher quality gold. Ours are fairly middle of the road "guitar part gold" to be honest. Worth nothing that whilst gold normally wont tarnish, it will get dirty, and cleaning gold plate is the very devil, because its soft and thin (we've all seem gold humbuckers where the platings rubbed off? That's why! Its not that its cheap gold, or "not gold" (granted, its low karat usually)) it's possible to just rub straight through most gold plate with a bit of force and abrasion. So go for gold (all gold, not just our humbuckers covers but anything gold plated!) with caution, itlooks great, butiIf its getting used and abused every day, it's going to show its age.

Nickel "No Copper" Cover on humbucker

NO COPPER Nickel Cover

Whilst "No copper" covers, tonally, sound the best - you can probably see from this photo why, cosmetically, we copper underplate! All of the "grain" of the nickel is peeking through that final electroplate layer, and making it look a little bit rustic.

Black Covered Humbucker

Black Cover

Black is Black, it's commonly thought to be powder coating or painted, but it is actually Electroplating (in a fashion anyway), and as such, offers all the benefits/drawbacks there within. It's actually a process that causes oxidisation of the base material (that copper layer) which is then converted into Cupric Oxide. Its not exactly common with humbuckers covers, but it looks fantastic as long as you keep it clean!


And that about covers the colours of covers available on a P90, but i will go into a little more detail on some of the finer detail about some of the topics i've covered above.


Raw Epiphone Casino Pickup Cover

Raw out of the box

When I say "it’s as it comes from the factory", I can’t stress that enough - it’s a pickup cover that’s been plucked out of a parts bin before it should have gone off to electroplating. It’s not been polished, it’s not been tumbled, it’s not been smoothed, its not been handled with kid gloves… it’s a hunk of German silver. It looks like what it is. Scratches, scuffs, marks, grease, burn marks, small dents and burrs are all to be expected.

I think this photo of a raw cover is a little more “warts and all”, and shows what I mean. Its pretty rustic. Its not my favourite “finish” in the world… but, tonally? As I’ve mentioned in the “Cover and Base” write up? It’s the purest you’re going to get.

AND, whilst I’ll concede that it’s a bit rough and ready straight out of the envelope, because its just a hunk of metal? Theres nothing stopping you going wild with it.

Unplated Humbucker cover after being played for a year

Raw with a bit of age

And here’s where raw gets interesting for me – because its not electroplated, its essentially, open to the elements. Its going to be hit by a pick, rubbed at, bled one, soaked in sweat, scratted at with the hem of your T-shirt, and over a year or two (assuming you actually play the guitar!), very organically, its going to get polished into quite an interesting pattern.

What I’ve called “zebra striping” earlier on in the write up (maybe Tiger stripe would be more fitting?) – the area between the strings has been polished by every day life, and the area under the strings has been left relatively untouched. The pickup looks 30 years old, but, really, it was a Hot Iron our tame guitarist used to teach for about a year.

Its essentially, the reverse of what happened with the original humbuckers(the ones without the copper underplate) – the electroplated layer was thin and soft, it was polished away by daily life, and left those stripes, with the shiny section under the strings, and the raw section between them. So, not quite the same, but starting with raw, generally, ages up a lot faster then electroplating ages down.

Raw pickup cover after liquid metal polish

Brass-o doesn't ruin tone-o!

Before I come across as the master craftsman here, I have to point out, I am NOT a polisher! The length and breadth of my experience pretty much starts and finishes with attacking my mother’s fireplace with a tin of Brasso as a kid, so, please, excuse my amateur attempt.

And saying that, starting with what I know? Raw covers tickled with a bit of liquid metal polish, start to look a lot more presentable. We’re not up to the immaculate mirror finish of an electroplated cover by any means, but by this point, I’m liking it a little more. It looks a little less “factory floor” at least, and certainly wouldn’t look out of place on a guitar with a bit of age, and, as you'd expect, theres a bit of shine there.



Polished, Unplated Nickel Cover

Raw after a "real" polish

Again, I CANT POLISH – but I’ve attacked this cover with the buffing wheel, and a bit of gentle compound, and its come up to a pretty good mirror if you ask me. I’ve not removed all of the surface marks, or worked through the grits or put any real effort in, but I did want to show that unplated covers can be brought up to mirror finish if that’s what your going for.

It’s a little pointless from my point of view, because its still raw German silver. Its going to oxidise pretty quickly, and it’s so soft that even if you did polish it to perfection, its going to scratch fairly easily (that said, theres nothing stopping you polishing out the scratches again, and, it is “tonally pure”) – not something I’d do personally, purely because nickel plating is available, but each to their own, and its not a million miles away from a “nickel plated” cover.

Gold humbucker cover after being polished

Dont mess about with Gold!

Gold gets a bit of a hard time with guitar parts, and I’ve mentioned above, that its not exactly 24 karat stuff, but, on the whole, its OK, its definitely gold (rather then some substitute yellow metal - the bode plots prove that because its so conductive), and gold being expensive, it’s probably expected that its not plated on incredibly thick!

The problem is, with the greatest respect here, your not looking at a £200 gold plated cover here… its, within the grand scheme of things, pretty cheap, so you/we are entirely at the mercy of the electroplaters. If gold (the raw material) starts to get more expensive, you’ve going to see the “depth of colour” of gold decrease, and visa versa (because the factories don’t want to be shipping out “barely yellow gold” any more then we want to be selling it!) – so, be aware, Gold changes as a colour. We try to keep on top of it, but I have VERY limited control over the gold markets… very limited indeed!

And all that aside – If it was 1 Karat gold or 24 Karat gold plate… its still gold. Its still an incredibly soft metal, plated very thinly… it will, in day to day life, rub through. The photo above is the side of a copperless Gold cover I’ve rubbed a few times with the brasso rag! Its that thin.

Gold over copper is a little hard wearing, and generally, gold over copper over brass (or zinc) has a slightly deeper shade to it, and gold over German silver is slightly lighter… but its always pretty soft, and will not take a polishing what so ever. So please, don’t even try.

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